The Use of Chelation in Treatment of Excess Metal Toxicity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70130/CAST.2022.4106Keywords:
Chelating agent, Metal toxicity, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, ArsenicAbstract
Metals are required for many biological functions, but in excess they can be detrimental. They specifically cause oxidative stress by producing free radicals and decreasing antioxidant levels. Heavy metals also disrupt protein and DNA confirmation, impairing their function. Metals disrupt a variety of physiological processes, including central nervous system, hematological, hepatic, and renal functioning. Chelation therapy is a typical treatment for metal poisoning. Chelation is a chemical process that occurs when a central metal atom/ion interacts with a ligand, resulting in the development of a complex ring- like structure. The ligand contains a donor ion/molecule with a single pair of electrons that can range from monodentate to polydentate. Each metal has a varied reactivity with a ligand, each metal requires a different chelation agent. The use of a chelating agent in conjunction with an antioxidant resulted in a better outcome. Chelation therapy is the preferred medical treatment for lowering metal toxicity. Chelating drugs can bind to harmful metal ions to produce complex structures that can be easily eliminated from the body by removing them from intracellular or extracellular regions. This article provides an update on existing chelating medications as well as potential therapy options for heavy metal and metalloid toxicity.
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