RSYN Proceedings Conference Series Summary RSYN Proceedings is a distinguished conference proceedings series dedicated to publishing and disseminating cutting-edge research across a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines. Our mission is to bridge the gap between groundbreaking conference presentations and enduring, accessible scientific literature. Key Highlights: Comprehensive Coverage: RSYN Proceedings captures the latest findings from a diverse range of scientific meetings, including large-scale international conferences, specialized symposia, and focused workshops. Rapid Dissemination: We prioritize swift publication to ensure that innovative research reaches the global scientific community without delay. Quality Assurance: All submissions undergo a rigorous peer-review process, maintaining high standards of scientific integrity and relevance. Multidisciplinary Scope: While primarily focusing on [main fields, e.g., computer science, artificial intelligence, and data analytics], RSYN Proceedings also covers interdisciplinary research at the forefront of scientific innovation. Global Accessibility: Available in both digital and print formats, RSYN Proceedings ensures worldwide access for researchers, academics, and industry professionals. Collaborative Platform: By publishing conference proceedings, we foster international collaboration and knowledge exchange among researchers and institutions. Archival Value: RSYN Proceedings serves as a permanent record of scientific progress, documenting the evolution of ideas and breakthrough moments in various fields. RSYN Proceedings is committed to advancing scientific knowledge by providing a platform for the timely dissemination of conference-driven research. Our series stands as a testament to the dynamic nature of scientific discovery and the power of collaborative innovation.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Spectrophotometric and Medicinal Aspects of Ruthenium as its Coordination Compounds
Numerous scientific groups have been actively working on inorganic antitumor drugs for a long time and they have developed a number of metal complexes, particularly those involving ruthenium in different oxidation states. Due to their low systemic toxicity and selective antimetastatic effects against animal models, ruthenium complexes are currently a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. Ruthenium compounds seem to bind to DNA and enter tumour cells fairly well. Besides their antitumor activity, ruthenium complexes are also being evaluated against other diseases like type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, HIV etc. Ruthenium coordination and organometallic chemistry have seen tremendous expansion and assessment in recent years. The primary focus in the analytical measurement of ruthenium and potential as bioactive agents in medicine of the coordination complexes of ruthenium with various ligands, stems from its unique properties and its status as a valuable platinum group metal. The formation of Ruthenium-based complexes and their extensive applications in the fields like biology, nanoscience, medicine, photoactive materials, production of solar cells, catalysis, incorporation into platinum and palladium alloys have been the subject of numerous publications in recent years. Ruthenium's special capacity to exist in several oxidation states may be connected to these developments. For these reasons, a wide array of analytical methods for the metal’s determination have been successfully developed. Amongst all, UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods of determination, due to their simplicity, cost effectiveness, rapid analysis procedures and versatility, are put together in the present article. The review also examines the ruthenium complexes with potential medicinal applications.
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Role of anion•••π interactions in photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction
Inspired by biological processes, anion•••π interactions1 have been explored in multidisciplinary areas of research such as recognition and sensing2, catalysis3, etc. Because of the weak nature of anion•••π interactions, such interaction is still a challenging task to explore in an artificial system, especially in a polar solvent(s). In this presentation, we will discuss the role of the anion (as template) in photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction through anion•••π interactions to form a four-membered cyclic ring. The hydrogen atom of such a four-membered ring is very sensitive to pH and temperature. The main problem is the removal of the template after the photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Anion (as a template) can be removed easily. The complete process and role of anion•••π interactions will be discussed in the present conference. Keywords: Anion•••π interactions, photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, hydrogen-bond.
Anion•••π interactions, photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction, hydrogen-bond.
AI and Electronic Waste: The Double-Edged Sword of Progress
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various industries, driving innovations and efficiencies that were once unimaginable. However, as with any technological advancement, AI's growth brings with it a dual-edged sword, particularly concerning its impact on electronic waste. E-waste or electronic waste is defined as any electrical or electronic component which has been discarded by the owner without any intention of reusing it. One of the primary ways AI contributes to the growing e-waste problem is through the rapid turnover of technology. AI systems require high-performance hardware to function efficiently, leading to the frequent obsolescence of older devices. The demand for more powerful processors, enhanced memory, and specialized chips like Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has skyrocketed, leading to the quicker replacement of electronic devices. This cycle of upgrading accelerates the accumulation of e-waste, as consumers and businesses alike discard outdated hardware to stay competitive in an AI-driven world. The current paper is an attempt to identify the dual effect of Artificial Intelligence on electronic waste. Ironically, AI powered Information Technology sector is the reason for creation of heaps of e-waste, and it is the major sector which can provide solutions for dealing with it. With the advent of AI in all spheres of life, AI is creating an impact in the field of e-waste management as well. The role of AI in management of e-waste can be understood by adoption of AI-powered software, predictive maintenance powered by AI-driven data analysis, AI-driven image recognition, AI-powered sorting machines, mobile robotic systems, integration of machine learning with IoT, convolutional neural network (CNN), AI based Decision Support System and using AI assistance for urban mining. AI-driven solutions can enhance the efficiency of e-waste management processes, making it easier to sort, recycle, and repurpose electronic components. The domain of AI is very vast and can be catalyst in shaping the landscape for e-waste management. Furthermore, AI can play a role in designing more sustainable electronics. Through advanced simulations and modeling, AI can help engineers develop devices that are easier to recycle, contain fewer hazardous materials, and are more energy efficient. These design improvements can contribute to reducing the overall environmental footprint of electronic devices. The impact of AI on e-waste is indeed a two-sided coin. While the rapid technological advancements driven by AI contribute to the growing e-waste problem, AI also offers innovative solutions to mitigate this issue. To truly harness AI's potential in reducing e-waste, it is essential for stakeholders, including manufacturers, policymakers, and consumers, to adopt a holistic approach. This involves promoting sustainable design, encouraging responsible consumption, and investing in AI-driven recycling technologies. By balancing the scales, AI can be a force for both innovation and sustainability in the electronic age.
Flavonols Derived Platinum Group Metal Complexes as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents
Platinum group metal (PGM) complexes have attracted a lot of interest in medicinal chemistry, especially in the treatment of cancer because of their strong cytotoxic qualities. Platinum-based complexes, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are essential chemotherapeutic medicines that have transformed the treatment of cancer. In the present work, the two chromogenic reagents derived from flavonol family viz. 3-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (HMPC) and 3-hydroxy-2-tolyl-4H-chromen-4-one complex (HToC) have been selected to prepare platinum and iridium complexes. The anti-proliferative potential of the three complexes related with PGMs, wasinvestigated against HaCat cancer cell line by applying MTT reduction assay. HaCaT cancer cell line is keratinocyte cell line derived from adult human skin. A comparison between the examined complexes indicated that the complexes of platinum metal in its divalent state have proven to be more potent anticancer agents as compared to those of iridium in the metal’s trivalent state. The results finally suggested that PGM complexes with a logical design may help create next-generation anticancer medications that are more effective than the existing ones.
Role of National Green Tribunal in Protection of Minorities in India: An Environmental Issue
A specialized court in India, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) was created by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 with the goal of resolving environmental issues as quickly as possible. The NGT seeks to balance the needs of development and environmental protection by offering efficient legal remedies for environmental problems. Although addressing ecological issues is the tribunal's main responsibility, it also plays a vital role in defending the rights of vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as minorities, who are frequently disproportionately impacted by climate change and environmental degradation. By addressing ecological concerns that disproportionately affect marginalized groups, the NGT upholds the principles of environmental justice thereby contributing to the broader framework of human rights and social equity in India. The study critically assesses landmark NGT judgments and their impact on environmental protection and conservation of forests and natural resources. While it’s primary focus is on environmental issues, its role indirectly contributes to the protection of minorities communities in India, who are often disproportionately affected by environmental degradation.
Effect of substituents on mutual induced-fit controlled hydrogen-bonded capsule formation
The mutual induced-fit process, well known in biological systems, involves the cooperative interaction of multiple components. However, mimicking this process in artificial systems, particularly using purely organic components, presents a significant challenge. In this study, we explore the role of substituents in enhancing the mutual induced-fit effect, leading to signal amplification in hydrogen-bonded capsule formation. Two distinct, highly flexible ligands an N-bridged tripodal ligand and a triazine-bridged ligand were employed. The N-bridged ligand acts as a molecular clip, inducing a cone-shaped conformation in the triazine-bridged adduct. This conformation undergoes solvent polarity-dependent hydrogen-bonded capsule formation, yielding a single product. In the absence of the N-bridged ligand, only 50% capsule formation was observed through ¹H NMR at 100 mM concentration. However, in its presence, mutual interactions drive the system into a stable cone-shaped conformation, achieving 100% capsule formation, independent of concentration. The entire process is characterized by IR spectroscopy, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, concentration-dependent ¹H NMR titration, ¹H-¹H COSY, ¹H-¹H NOESY, DOSY NMR, high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry, and energy-minimized structural analysis.
Hydrogen-bond, N-bridged ligand, Substitution effect, Supramolecular-assembly, Dynamic self-assembly
Synthesis, Characterization of Fe(III), Zr(OH)2(IV), MoO2(IV) and Cd(II) complexes, Biological Activity, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies
A series of novel metal complexes of Fe(III), Zr(OH)2(IV), MoO2(IV) and Cd(II) were synthesized through the condensation reaction of a Schiff base, derived from thiosemicarbazide and p-chlorobenzaldehyde with their respective metal salts. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes were characterized using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Additionally, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements and elemental analyses were conducted to further confirm the structures. The molecular structures of the ligand and its complexes were optimized using Gaussian 09 and the resulting structural parameters were analyzed. Quantum chemical properties of these compounds were predicted and discussed in detail. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against fungal and bacterial strains. Molecular docking studies were performed with DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) using Autodock4 to investigate their potential biological interactions.
Schiff base, thiosemicarbazone, metal complexes, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, molecular docking.
Mass Attenuation Coefficient of Some Bismuth-Based Alloys for Gamma-Ray Shielding: Theoretical and Experimental Approach
Bismuth-based alloys have gained significant attention for their potential use in gamma-ray shielding applications due to their high atomic number and non-toxic nature compared to conventional lead-based materials. In this study, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of bismuth-based alloys was determined using both theoretical and experimental approaches. Theoretical values were obtained using the WinXCom software, which provides photon interaction cross-sections for various energies. Experimentally, the mass attenuation coefficient was measured using the narrow beam geometry method with gamma-ray sources of varying energies. The results from both methods were analyzed and compared to assess the accuracy of WinXCom in predicting attenuation properties. Further, the role of preliminary computations of optimum thickness range for alloy samples play a vital role in obtaining accurate results. The findings indicate that bismuth-based alloys exhibit promising attenuation characteristics, making them viable candidates for radiation shielding applications in medical, industrial, and nuclear environments.
Evaluation of Radiation Shielding Potential of Bismuth Boro-Tellurite Glasses
The increasing demand for effective and environment friendly radiation shielding materials has led to the exploration of bismuth boro-tellurite glasses as potential alternatives to conventional lead materials. This study investigated the radiation shielding potential of bismuth tellurite glasses having composition 15B₂O₃-xBi₂O₃-(85-x)TeO₂ where x =35, 40, 45, 50, 55 mol % & analyzed the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Zeff) & electron density (Ne) over a wide photon energy range of 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV using WinXcom software. The dependence of Zeff and Ne on photon energy and Bi₂O₃ concentration was evaluated to assess the material's radiation shielding efficiency. The results indicated that the increasing Bi₂O₃ content enhances the photon attenuation due to the high atomic number and density of bismuth. It has been observed that the G5 glass sample exhibiting the maximum value of mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), effective atomic number (Zeff) & electron density (Ne) and can be used as a promising material for radiation protection applications in nuclear medicine, space technology and high-energy physics.
A benzopyran based optical sensor for the selective trace determination of Pd (II): Analytical investigation and computational calculations
Abstract Determination of palladium is essential owing to the element's toxic ecological effects on biological systems. Due to the element's noxious and amiable characteristics, there has been a great deal of interest in identifying and detecting its presence in a variety of natural as well as commercial samples. Hence, a thorough spectrophotometric investigation is conducted regarding the trace Pd (II) determination in organic phase via its reaction with 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one (HPC), a chromogenic reagent derived from benzopyrans and acting as an optical sensor for the metal to be determined. The optimal reaction conditions for formulation of the intricate structure of the developed complex are depicted, in order to ensure the element’s determination. The foundation of this study is based upon sensing Pd (II) by its colour complexation with the sensor, HPC, that resulted into a stable binary yellow complex with a λmax at 417-432 nm. Stoichiometric ratio of the studied Pd (II)-HPC complex as deduced from Job’s continuous variations and mole ratio approach has been 1:2 [M:L]. Analytical findings support a square planar geometry of the investigated coordination complex. High reproducibility of the outcomes is further supported by statistical evidences, including attenuation coefficient (ε = 1.9159×104 L mol-1 cm-1), standard deviation (SD = ± 0.00184), Sandell’s sensitivity (S = 0.0055 μg cm-2), detection limit (LOD = 0.1122 μg mL -1) and regression coefficient (r = 0.9975). A variety of commercial samples have been analysed with remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and precision, under set conditions of the procedure. The theoretical studies have been conducted to enhance our comprehension of the complex's molecular geometry and structural attributes. Density Functional Theory (DFT), with method PBE/def2-TZVP, for quantum chemical computations, successfully assisted in identifying and interpreting chemical behaviour of the acquired Pd (II)-HPC complex elucidating the chemical interactions, its stability and reactivity trends. DFT, has a strong correlation with the analytical research, proving that the studied complex behaves as a strong biological agent. The studied complex was indeed subjected to antimicrobial and antioxidant studies, the results of which reflected that the Pd (II)-HPC complex has a strong potential to act as a strong antimicrobial and a radical scavenging agent.
Selective sensing of Hg2+ ion by N-bridged ligand
Mercury is one of the most dangerous metal ions from environmental, health and agricultural point of view. Therefore, selective sensing of mercury is very crucial and challenging task. In this presentation, we will discuss about selective sensing of Hg2+ ion by N-bridged neutral ligand from mechanistic point of view. In the present sensing, the original ligand is fluorescent and only in the presence of Hg2+ ion the yellow colour solution of ligand turns to violet colour and thus it works in switch-off mode.
N-bridged ligand; mercury sensing, switch-off sensing
Structural tunning of hydrogen-bonded motifs in response of an external stimuli to form 2D-sheet and 3D-HOFs from 1D-chain in the solid-state
Molecules in their solid state are tightly packed through various modes of interaction, and their crystal forms are highly fragile in response to external stimuli/disturbance, especially if they are connected through weak hydrogen bonds. In this presentation, we are going to highlight the transformation of anion-templated hydrogen-bonded 1D motifs to 2D-sheet1 and 3D-HOFs2, respectively, in response to an external stimulus such as light and heat. During this transformation, molecule covers a remarkable distance in their corresponding crystal forms, stabilized by anion•••π interactions. In this presentation, we will discuss the complete process with mechanistic studies.
Corporate Growth vs. Environmental Responsibility: The Path to Sustainability
The environment is facing severe degradation due to rapid industrialization, pollution and modern materialistic viewpoints. Climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem collapse are among the most pressing issues, driven by deforestation and unsustainable resource consumption. While the growing industry in the novel initially represents progress and prosperity, its unchecked expansion results in environmental contamination, contribute to unforeseen health crises. This message resonates with contemporary environmental concerns, as modern industries continue to pollute air, water, and soil in pursuit of economic gain. Richard Powers’ novel Gain presents a critical exploration of the effect of these issues on both human lives and the natural world which are becoming increasingly evident over time, illustrating how economic growth often comes at the expense of environmental and public health. This paper examines the moral lessons conveyed in Gain and argues for a transition toward more environmental friendly processes to mitigate further ecological harm. It is an attempt to explore possible solutions, including reaching out to stakeholders, implementing stricter environmental regulations, and investing in green technologies. By integrating these ethical considerations into real-world environmental policies, it urges a shift in the human perspective, advocating for a more harmonious relationship with nature to promote society to move towards a more sustainable future to preserve the resources of nature for the coming generations
Ionic Liquids, Green Solvents, Environmental Sustainability, Life Cycle Assessment, Natural Plant Extraction, Sustainable Chemistry.
Screening and Profiling of Mixed Essential Oils: AnAnalytical Approach Using GC-MS for Quality Assessment
This study presents the extraction and characterization of mixed essential oils derived from the flowers of selected angiospermic plants: Prosopis cineraria (Shami plant), Jasminum sambac (Motia flower), Nyctanthesarbor-tristis (Parijat), and Cestrum nocturnum (Rat ki Rani). These oils were extracted using the hydrodistillation method with a Clevenger apparatus, a technique recognized for its efficiency in isolating thermally stable volatile compounds. The chemo-profiling process involved the identification and quantification of bioactive constituents through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This research paper focuses on mixed essential oils obtained from angiospermic plants. Mixed EOs are typically obtained by blending two or more EOs from different plant species or by extracting EOs from a mixture of plant materials. Mixed EOs may offer synergistic effects, combining the therapeutic properties of individual EOs or enhancing their efficacy (Isman, 2000). The study also highlighted the potential synergistic interactions between the compounds in the mixed EOs, suggesting enhanced bioactivity compared to individual oils. This synergism may amplify the pharmacological effects, making the mixed oil more effective in therapeutic applications. This comprehensive chemo-profiling not only provides insights into the phytochemical diversity of these Essential oil but also underscores their versatility and potential for diverse pharmacological, aromatic, and industrial applications
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Nanotehnology
Nanotechnology enabled us to manipulate and transform matter at the nanometric level, this led to the transformation of various scientific and technological sectors. Researchers are making efforts to improve the data acquisition time, quality of the data, the maximum achievable resolution, and device fabrication methods and trying to expand their knowledge about nanomaterials. Artificial intelligence is the approach of developing machines that can learn and implement knowledge like humans. It found its applications in the sector of nanotechnology and developed advanced nano-imaging techniques, optimized nano simulations, automated nanobots, material design and discovery. This paper aims to review the contribution of artificial intelligence (2013-2023) in improving the probing instruments, supporting analysis of nanomaterials and extracting information by improving simulation methods. These contributions hold immense value as they are the foundational approach to achieving advanced quantum devices and developing next-generation nanophotonic chips and nanodevices capable of developing futuristic electronic devices, evolving medicine carriers, and cutting-edge computers. This review summarises the current spread of artificial intelligence and machine learning across different sectors of nanotechnology, highlighting its potential and discussing the future pathways.
Nanotechnology, Artificial Intelligence, Nanomedicine, Machine Learning, Scanning Probe Microscopy, Nanodevices
Reviews on Spectrophotometric trace determination of Cerium along with its biological studies
Cerium a rare earth element found in minerals like allanite [(Ca,Ce) (Al2Fe2+) (Si2O7) (SiO4) O (OH)], monazite[(Ce,La,Nd,Th)(PO4)], bastnaesite[(Ce,La)(CO3)F)], cerite [(Ce,Ca)9 (Fe,Mg) (SiO4)3(HSiO4)4(OH)3)] andeuxenite [(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6)]out of which monazite and bastnaesite are main source of cerium. Several techniques have been developed for micro determination of cerium like potentiometric, spectrofluorimetric, flow injection, voltammetry, fluorescence and UV-visible spectrophotometry for determination of cerium. These techniques have different advantages and disadvantages of their own in terms of time, amount, selectively, cost and procedure. Spectrophotometric determination requirements were simple and at the same time it has high sensitivity for trace amount determination. There are still needs for the development of cerium trace determination with selective, sensitive and cost-effective technique. Cerium salts are widely used now a day in biomedical sciences for anticancer, antifungal and antibacterial studies because of their decreased toxicity to mammalian cells.
Importance of stimuli responsive confined space
Molecular behaviour changes drastically in a confined space in comparison to their corresponding bulk phase. A confined space also available to trap/encapsulate a guest molecule. In an artificial system, such confined space also termed as cavity formed through judicial choice of either only organic ligand (termed as capsule) or with suitable metal-ion (termed as metallacapsule). Molecular capsule formed by non-covalent interactions gets benefit of reversible assembly in response to an external stimulus through dynamic self-assembly. In this presentation we will discuss about encapsulation of notorious and toxic nitrate anion and their role in the formation and isolation of single isomer, formed by photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition reaction with mechanistic point of view.
Nanotechnology for environmental sustainability
Environmental pollution more specially the water pollution became a major problem today due to contamination discharge by industrial waste. Industrial effluent is the main wastewater pollutants due to their ability to persist in the environment. Variety of materials and techniques are being investigated for the treatment of effluents in wastewater. Green nanocomposites are one of the materials gaining attention due to its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Green nanocomposites always act as eco-friendly materials and most favourable materials in current research. The current talk will provide an overview of the current state of nanotechnology-based devices with applications in environmental science, focusing on nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites. The talk will also pay special attention to those nanotechnology-based approaches that promise easier, faster, and cheaper processes in environmental monitoring and remediation. The talk will highlight the research efforts to enhance the role of the nanocomposite materials in synthetic and wastewater treatment.
Recent Advances in Materials for Wastewater Remediation, Detection, and Anticancer Agents
The first part of my presentation begins by providing an overview of water pollutants and their removal technologies. The exploration of new renewable biomass coconut spathe (CS) for the development of activated carbons (CSAC, surface area =1500 m2/g), its characterization with various spectroscopic techniques. The study utilized CSACfor the removal of various phenolic compounds, with an efficiency of qmax ranging from 77 to 400 mg/g. Further, CSAC utilized for impregnating n-Ag/ZnO on CSACfor the removal of pathogenic bacteria’s present in water. The same CS was used for the development of paper and the use of cellulose to impregnate photocatalytic material (CS@Ag2S/ZnS) for 97% rhodamine dye degradation in 1 h. In the second part of presentation, I will focus on presenting a rhodanine-based chemosensor (L1) for detecting putrescine and cadaverine, as well as exploring meat preservatives. Further, development of6,6, substituted 2,2 bipyridyl-based Schiff base (L2) for the detection of Al3+(11 nM) and In3+(110 nM) ions. More importantly, the potential application of probe L2could be used to quantify Al3+and In3+in water samples and Al3+in DrG cells and a zebrafish. In the third part of my discussion, the intermediate compounds prepared from L2were tested for anti-cancer potency in MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines, with IC50values of 1.28 μM and 1.81 μM, respectively.
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents based Ionic Nanoreactors for Advanced Applications in Colloidal Chemistry and Biomass Processing
Ionic liquids (ILs) are the organic analogues of inorganic molten salts with melting temperature < 100oC, whereas deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are formed from a eutectic mixture of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases which can contain a variety of anionic and/or cationic species and now widely acknowledged as a new class of ionic liquid (IL) analogues because they share many characteristics with ILs in terms of solvent properties such as low volatility, high thermal stability, wide liquid range and good solvating ability. Superior physicochemical properties distinguish ILs and DESs from conventional organic solvents, and fast replacing these in several chemical applications.The presentation is mainly focused on synthesis and application of ILs/DESs in authors laboratory and is divided in two parts. First part will cover formulation of colloidal systems using surfactant like ILs and ILs/DESs as dispersion medium. Applications of such systems in materials synthesis and preservation of biomaterials at elevated temperatures will be discussed. We have shown that IL based colloidal structures are highly thermally stable. These formulations have been used as as nanoreactors for preservation of biomaterials at elevated temperatures and as templates for preparation of shape/size-controllednanomaterials/quantum dots, metal organic frame works (MOFs) with enhanced quantum efficiency for light harvesting and also for gas adsorption/storage for energy applications.Second part of presentation deals with the use of ILs in biomass processing for clean separation of biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and recovery of other value-added chemicals. We have developed strategies to depolymerize the biopolymers at ambient conditions, for example lignin has been valorized efficiently using metal based ionic liquid systems in order to convert value added chemicals. Biopolymers dissolved in ILs/DESs have been utilized to prepare ionogles for diverse applications.
Natural Plant Product Extraction and Purification Using Ionic Liquid-Based Green Solvents
This research paper explores the environmental sustainability of ionic liquid-based green solvents in the extraction and purification of natural plant products, with a focus on their entire life cycle. The objectives of the study were to assess the environmental impact of ionic liquid synthesis, energy consumption, water usage, emissions, recycling rates, policy effects, and stakeholder perceptions. Methodologically, we conducted a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) that involved primary data collection through field surveys and interviews with key stakeholders in the ionic liquid production and usage industry across various regions in India. The data were analyzed using specialized LCA software tools to quantify environmental impacts. Key findings include the identification of synthesis as a major contributor to environmental impact, emphasizing the need for greener synthesis methods. The study revealed the significant carbon footprint, energy consumption, and water usage during production, highlighting opportunities for improvement. Emissions data underscored the importance of emission control measures, particularly for greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds. Recycling and reuse were identified as environmentally friendly disposal methods. Policy compliance varied among stakeholders, indicating room for stricter regulations. Stakeholder perceptions varied, with researchers having the most positive outlook. Implications of the findings extend to sustainable chemistry practices, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and the importance of considering the entire life cycle of chemical processes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of green solvents and provides a foundation for promoting sustainable practices in industrial processes, not only in India but also globally.
Exploring the antimicrobial and antituberculosis potential of diorganotin(IV) complexes derived from hydrazone ligands: Synthesis and their structural elucidation
In our present work, we have synthesized four diorganotin(IV) complexes (R2SnL where, R = methyl, ethyl, butyl and phenyl groups) from hydrazone ligand, which was derived from 4-nitro-3-methoxybenzhydrazide and benzaldehyde derivatives. Hydrazones are classified as "privileged ligands" due to their ability to readily bind with metal ions. They exhibit exceptional affinity for complexation owing to their favourable solubility, robust stability, facile synthesis, and the presence of the (–NH–C=O) group in close proximity to the azomethine group, rendering them effective chelating agents. Organotin(IV) complexes incorporating hydrazone components hold significant relevance in the pharmaceutical industry. All the prepared compounds were characterized with the help of numerous spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, (1H, 13C & 119Sn) NMR, and Mass spectrometry. Spectroscopic analysis indicated a penta-coordinated configuration around the tin metal atom, with the ligand binding to the tin atom in a tridentate manner through enolic O, imine N, and phenolic O donor atoms. Furthermore, the synthesised compounds have been analysed for theirinvitroantituberculosis and antimicrobial efficacyand the results were compared with values of standard drugs. The findings illustrated that diorganotin(IV) complexes exhibited superior activity as compared to their parent ligand. The results depicted that compound [Ph2SnL] with MIC = 0.0195 ± 0.0048 μmol/mL value showed greater potential against E. coliand C. albicans strains.
Harnessing Wisdom: The Role of Indian Knowledge Systems in Promoting Environmental Sustainability
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) presents a compelling framework for environmental sustainability, deeply rooted in its rich philosophies, traditions, and ecological practices. Central to IKS is the principle of Ahimsa, or non-violence, which underscores the importance of biodiversity conservation and harmonious coexistence-a theme echoed in foundational texts like the Upanishadsand the Bhagavad Gita. Indigenous water management techniques such as stepwells (baolis), check dams (johads), and tank irrigation have effectively demonstrated sustainable water resource management for centuries. Vedic agricultural practices, including organic farming, crop rotation, and using natural fertilizers like panchagavya, not only enhance soil fertility but also ensure long-term agricultural productivity. Ayurveda advocates for the conservation of medicinal plants, while sacred groves known as Devrai and revered temple forests serve as essential biodiversity reserves. Architectural wisdom from Vastu Shastra informs the design of energy-efficient structures, actively reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability in our living environments. Additionally, texts such as the Arthashastraand Rigvedaemphasize responsible forest management, encouraging the mindful use of natural resources. Tribal and rural communities contribute significantly through traditional agroforestry and shifting cultivation practices (jhum), diligently working to maintain ecological balance. By integrating ethics with scientific knowledge, the Indian Knowledge System not only addresses contemporary environmental challenges but also provides pathways toward a sustainable and resilient future. Embracing these insights can help foster a world where harmony with nature becomes not just an aspiration, but a lived reality
Micellization behavior of anionic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium dodecylbenzenesulphonate in the presence ofcationic polyelectrolyte PDADMAC and non-ionic polyelectrolyte PVP: Insights into competing mechanism
n the present study, we have reported a comprehensive assessment of interactional behavior of surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylbenzenesulfonate [C4mim][DBS] in the presence of cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) [PDADMAC] solution and non-ionic polyelectrolyte polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) in aqueous solution. Various techniques such as surface tension, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), conductivity, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and turbidity have been employed to get insight into interactions among these systems. Various surface parameters such as surface excess concentration ()cmc, surface pressure at interface()cmc, minimum area occupied by one molecule of SAIL at interface()min, adsorption efficiency (pc20) and surface tension at critical micelle concentration (cmc) ()cmchave been calculated from tensiometric measurements. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard free energy of micellization (∆????????°), standard enthalpy of micellization (∆????????°)and standard entropy of micellization (∆????????°) have been evaluated from conductivity measurements. The size of complexes formed have been characterized using DLS and turbidimetry
Transformative Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Chemistry
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of chemistry, enabling breakthroughs in research and industrial applications through data-driven insights and computational power. One of the most impactful areas is drug discovery, where AI accelerates the identification of potential drug candidates by predicting molecular interactions, reducing the time and cost of traditional trial-and-error methods. In material design, AI aids in the development of novel materials, including catalysts and polymers, by predicting their properties and guiding synthesis. AI also plays a crucial role in molecular property prediction, where algorithms forecast attributes like solubility and reactivity based on molecular structures, streamlining the experimental process. Additionally, AI is utilized in chemical reaction prediction, allowing chemists to anticipate reaction outcomes and side products with high accuracy, which enhances synthesis efficiency. Automated synthesis planning is another key application, where AI suggests the most effective and economical reaction pathways for chemical production. In quantum chemistry, AI accelerates the calculation of molecular electronic structures, offering deeper insights into chemical behavior. The technology is also applied to environmental chemistry, where AI models predict pollutant behavior and optimize remediation efforts. Furthermore, AI facilitates spectroscopic data analysis by automating the interpretation of complex data, such as NMR and IR spectra, improving structural identification. In terms of safety, AI contributes to toxicology and safety assessments by predicting the toxicity of chemicals, minimizing the need for animal testing. Finally, AI enables the creation of personalized chemical solutions, tailoring products like pharmaceuticals and cosmetics to individual needs. These applications highlight AI's transformative potential in advancing both academic research and industrial chemistry.
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AI-Driven Security Techniques in Social Media
The use of social media has created a complex environment for communication and data sharing. However, these platforms are susceptible to security threats, including privacy breaches, misinformation, account hijacking, cyberbullying, and other harmful activities. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in enhancing security on social media by detecting, preventing, and mitigating these threats. AI-driven security techniques use machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning algorithms to identify patterns, anomalies, and suspicious behaviors in real time. This enables the detection of fake accounts, automated bots, phishing attempts, and harmful content like hate speech and misinformation. With AI systems, inappropriate content can be identified and flagged, reducing the need for human moderation while improving response speed and accuracy. Additionally, AI models can detect changes in user interactions, signaling potential compromises or unauthorized access to accounts. Advanced AI tools also enhance user privacy by using encryption and anonymization techniques to protect personal data shared on social platforms. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in ensuring AI-driven security solutions' fairness, transparency, and accountability. Ongoing research and refinement of AI models are needed to address issues like algorithmic bias and privacy concerns. Nonetheless, AI revolutionizes social media security, providing scalable and adaptive defenses against evolving threats. This paper examines the critical role of AI-driven techniques in bolstering security on social media platforms, highlighting both the benefits and challenges of their deployment in today's digital environment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Madhavi Dhingra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/